![]() If you quote a source or refer to a specific passage, include a page number or range. Full notes also include all the relevant publication information (which varies by source type). ![]() The citation always includes the author’s name and the title of the text, and it always ends with a period. The footnote contains the number of the citation followed by a period and then the citation itself. The numbering does not restart with a new page or section (although in a book-length text it may restart with each new chapter). Your first citation is marked with a 1, your second with a 2, and so on. Notes should be numbered consecutively, starting from 1, across the whole text. Johnson argues that “the data is unconvincing” 1-but Smith contends that… Johnson argues that “the data is unconvincing.” 1 It is placed after any punctuation except a dash: The reference number appears in superscript at the end of the clause or sentence it refers to. You can easily insert footnotes in Microsoft Word. ![]() They appear at the bottom of the relevant page, corresponding to reference numbers in the text. Placement of footnotesįootnotes should be used whenever a source is quoted or paraphrased in the text. ![]() Check with your instructor if you’re unsure. Sometimes you might be required to use a full note for every citation, or to use a short note every time as long as all sources appear in the bibliography. The guidelines for use of short and full notes can vary across different fields and institutions. ![]()
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